Hi all,
Please note: send all correspondence to me only at: terrymosel@aol.com
1. Midsummer BBQ and Visit to OM /Davagh Observatory, 22 June
* This is the first Dark Sky Park and public observatory in N. Ireland. It's set in a hollow in the foothills of the Sperrin Mountains, just inside Davagh Forest Park. Ewe had a very successful visit there this trime last year.
* Because of our association with them and help in designing the observatory, we're getting a special price for the visit and tour. This will be only £4 per person, and at that rate we can't offer any further concession discounts. That will also include the BBQ facilities, but you BYO food etc!
* Partners & friends are also always welcome, and non-members too,
* Provisional timetable: Arrive about 2 p.m. for the BBQ.
* The tour of the Visitors' Centre and Observatory is booked for 4 p.m., although they may be able to take us a bit earlier, depending on the timing by a previous booking.
* BBQ: There are several purpose built BBQ areas at the far end of the car park. But there may not be enough seating for everyone, so if you have folding camping chairs or stools, and folding tables for your items, bring them.
* We will provide at least enough BBQ cooking area for most people, but if you have a portable BBQ, you can bring it to be safe, even if you don't need to use it.
* NB: All guests must bring their own consumables (food, drink, sauces etc), cutlery, plates, plastic cups/glasses etc.
* Solar observing: OM/Davagh have at least one Coronado solar scope, but we will also have our own solar observing equipment, and you're welcome to bring your own if you wish, if the weather is suitable.
* The other local attraction is the nearby Beaghmore Stone Circle complex, which may have an astronomical alignment. There's a proper walkway from the Observatory/VC to Beaghmore, with a scale model of the SS along the way. That takes about 40 minutes to walk each way, and it takes about 30 mts to see the site, so there would hardly be time for most people to walk there and back.
* So the if there is interest, we can arrange an optional trip there by cars after we have finished at OM. I can do a guided tour there, as I have done at their request about half a dozen times at the solstice. That would be on the way home for most people, so it would make sense to travel there from OM in your own transport.
* Weather: Obviously unpredictable at this stage but there's some shelter from the trees at the BBQ site if there's a shower. The VC has a snack area with tea, coffee, soft drinks confectionary etc, but no hot food. There's limited indoor seating for consuming those, and they would turn a blind eye if we ate our own sandwiches there, as long as we bought a drink and, say, a snack bar, from them as well.
* You may wish to bring insect repellent, in case the midges are active!
* Getting there: allow about 90 minutes from Belfast going via M1, Dungannon and Cookstown. For anyone on the N side of Belfast, the best route is via the M2 to the Castledawson Roundabout, then Tobermore and Draperstown; or Castledawson Rbt, Magherafelt, Desertmartin and Draperstown. It's signposted from Draperstown onwards.
* For those coming from elsewhere, you can approach it from either Cookstown or Omagh or Magherafelt. Once you're off the main roads, it's twisty hilly mountain roads, so allow about 20 minutes from each of those towns. It's well signposted (brown tourist signs) in the area.
* The car park is at: N 54.71977, W -6.91674
* The point at which all the access roads converge is: N 54.71902, W -6.94807, so that's where you have to aim for.
* The Beaghmore Stone Circles are at N 54. 70147, W – 6.93672
* PLEASE LET ME KNOW BY RETURN if you are planning to attend, and how many will be in your group. At this stage we only want an indication of how many will be attending, but later we'll be looking for payment by Paypal.
2. NLCs
The season for seeing this beautiful, ethereal, high level atmospheric phenomena has started. There have been a few sightings of faint displays of these silvery 'night-shining' clouds recently. They can be seen occasionally into mid – to late July, around local midnight. Look low in the North when the sky has got dark: quite often they will be seen in the region of Capella. They are caused by the Sun shining on very high altitude particles resulting from meteoric dust in the upper atmosphere. They are visible when the Sun is too far below the horizon to shine on ordinary 'tropospheric clouds'. Any smartphone should capture nice images of them, but obviously proper photographic equipment is even better.
3. IAA 50th Anniversary Event, Armagh, 18 May
Thanks to Prof Michael Burton and all his staff at AOP for making this a really superb event. We had a great attendance, and extremely positive feedback. Thanks also to Professors Stefano Bagnulo, Alan Fitzsimmons, Peter Gallager and Tom Ray for their excellent lectures. It was good to welcome friends from the IAS, MAC and GAC too. Keep the equivalent Saturday date in 2034 free for the next one!
4. KIDS IAU Collaborates with LEGO on Funstellation Campaign
From 23 May to 31 July, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and LEGO Group are joining forces to encourage kids all over the world to reimagine the night sky.
Throughout history, constellations have been defined by explorers, calendar makers, and cultures that imprinted their traditions on the stars. Today, astronomers officially recognise 88 constellations in the Northern and Southern hemispheres that have evolved from different culture's interpretations of the night sky. Constellations tell stories: they are used to represent rituals, mythologies, historical events and important aspects of everyday life.
Along with the IAU, LEGO Group encourages children worldwide to bring their unique creative lens to our view of the stars. To celebrate children's curiosity about the future of space, both the IAU and the LEGO Group are asking them to reimagine the night sky with their Funstellations: fun constellations they design as they look up.
Didac Phi, Associate Master Builder at the LEGO House, believes in the power of children's creativity to understand our Universe: "Children are our inspiration for play and creativity. With so much of the Universe yet to be explored, there's no science to say that what they create isn't possible or doesn't exist already." Through their Funstellations, children are encouraged to probe their understanding of our Universe and explore the cosmos from the comfort of their own minds.
Tomorrow's astronomers and explorers can download a sky map at LEGO.com/Space and join the dots together to show what object or shape they can see in the stars – maybe it's a pizza cowboy, a dancing dinosaur, or perhaps a giant mushroom holding a teacup. As they look up at the night sky, kids can imagine their own story through their new Funstellation and submit their creations to LEGO.com/Space. All entrants will be awarded a certificate of participation, and some Funstellations will be highlighted through the IAU's social media accounts.
Debra Elmegreen, President of the International Astronomical Union, says, "We are excited to tap the unbridled creativity of children through this collaboration by encouraging them to look up at the night sky and think about the stars. The next generation of scientists and space explorers will shape how we understand and interact with the Universe. With this project, we hope to give them a head start."
This project reminds us of the importance of protecting our dark skies from light pollution. Recent research using data collected from citizen scientists has shown that the night sky is brightening at an alarming rate; if light pollution is left unabated, future generations may not have access to a starry night sky. Through this collaboration, the IAU and LEGO hope to demonstrate the importance of preserving an astronomical legacy for generations to come, driven by the curiosity and creativity of today's children.
Head to the LEGO Space website for more information about how to participate!
5. NEWS FROM ARMAGH OBSERVATORY AND PLANETARIUM:
New Dome Show: Our Night Sky, 2pm Tues - Sun
Have you ever looked up into the night sky and wondered 'what is that star called?' or 'how many constellations are there?' Created and produced by Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, this interactive show will showcase the best of our night sky! It will showcase all our seasonal skies offer and let you ask all your stargazing questions.
Our World From Space
One Saturday a Month
Embark on a captivating journey through the wonders of our home planet, as seen from space, at our family Our World from Space Club.
Learn together with your child (perfect for KS2 children) in this fun and interesting club at the Armagh Observatory and Planetarium!
Each session will involve learning in our digital theatre, an indoor activity and an outdoor activity.
JOB OPPORTUNITY
The Armagh Observatory and Planetarium is seeking an ICT Officer to work with the ICT Manager to support a broad range of ICT operations at AOP. Further information is available at:
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The closing date for applications is Friday 21 June 2024. For further information please contact hr@armagh.ac.uk
6. Dark Sky Ireland Newsletter
Welcome to our Spring 2024 Newsletter (mailchi.mp)
7. Vote for your favourite astrophoto in DIAS competition
The shortlisted images have now been posted at this link, and you can vote for your favourite one at.
www.reachforthestars.ie. Half a dozen of my friends are among the shortlisted entries, but I can't say who I voted for!
8. COMET
Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) is currently around 10th magnitude in Virgo, moving slowly towards Leo, but may become as bright as first magnitude in the autumn. But as we all know, predicting comet magnitudes is notoriously difficult!
9. Paul Bates' Astronomy & Physics Lectures at BMC
Class enrolments are now open at the Belfast Met for the evening classes in GCSE Astronomy and GCSE Physics that I will be teaching, beginning in September 2024.
The Physics course contains a limited amount of astronomy content whereas the Astronomy course spends the entire academic year delving into the details of the subject.
Website URLs link to the course enrolment website.
GCSE Physics (Tuesday evening 6pm to 8:30pm, September 2024 to June 2025)
https://www.belfastmet.ac.uk/course/p00371-aa/gcse-physics-ccea-evening/
GCSE Astronomy (Thursday evening 6pm to 8:30pm, September 2024 to June 2025)
https://www.belfastmet.ac.uk/course/p00700-aa/pearson-edexcel-gcse-in-astronomy/
10, ISS. The ISS will start a new series of morning passes on 28 June. See www.heavens_above.com for details
11. Recurrent Nova T Corona Borealis.
You may have read in some social media in early March that T CrB was due to explode again in the next week or two: I stuck my neck out, and said that we couldn't predict the next outburst with that degree of accuracy. That period has now passed, so I was right.
There have now been several more reports, saying much the same thing. The position remains the same - It could explode tomorrow – or not for another year or more! It's normally around magnitude 10, but at outburst it reaches mag 2.0 or 2.5.
The first outburst was discovered by Irish astronomer John Birmingham in Tuam, Co Galway, in May 1866. Earlier archive observations indicate a possible previous outburst in about 1787. It erupted again in February 1946, indicating an approximate 80 year period. BUT you can't assume a period from only 2 intervals ! However, in the year before the 1946 outburst, it dimmed to magnitude 12.3, and this has happened again recently, suggesting a possible outburst is imminent. BUT, once again, you can't predict from a single event!
So it's certainly well worth keeping an eye on it - comparison charts can be found on the websites of the BAA Variable Star Section, or the AAVSO.
(BTW, don't confuse it with the other nearby famous variable star, R CrB, which does the opposite – it stays normally around 6th magnitude, but occasionally dims to as faint as magnitude 14 or 15!)
(And for comparison, the other not quite so well-known recurrent nova, RS Oph, was seen, or is thought to have, erupted 9 times since 1898 – with intervals of approximately 9, 26, 12, 13, 9, 18, 21 and 18 years; so its period is by no means constant.)
Anyway, do keep an eye out – T CrB lies just outside the East side of the circle of the 'Crown', about a degree from Epsilon CrB, but you really do need charts to observe it properly. It's rising in the NE as the bright twilight ends, about 25 degrees to the left of Arcturus. It's at Declination: 25° 55′ 12.613″; R.A.: 15h 59m 30.1622s
12. NEW DIFFICULT TEASER
What's next in this sequence: 81, 770, 4200, …?
No correct answers yet, so I'll give a clue: It's astronomical rather than mathematical.
Another clue – it's a ratio.
13. NEW EASY TEASER
What's next in this sequence: Mercury, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter….?
Clue: It's not something to do with the actual physical nature of the planets themselves.
Another clue: Don't be going round in circles trying to find the answer.
Remember, only send answers to me at my aol address: terrymosel@aol.com.
14. INTERESTING WEBLINKS (Disclaimer – Use of material herein from various sources does not imply approval or otherwise of the opinions, political or otherwise, of those sources). NB: If the title in the weblink does not indicate the subject matter, I give a brief simple intro before the link. I may also comment about the link afterwards.
ASTROPHYSICS:
James Webb telescope discovers most distant supernova ever seen | Live Science
NASA's Chandra X-ray telescope captures closest super star cluster to Earth (image) (msn.com)
Slow radio repeater baffles scientists https://charmingscience.com/an-unusual-space-radio-signal-that-repeats-every-hour-baffles-astronomers/?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR1U4wDTX0JezgEGPWH6o4KOSINtK-8giBNifHpGPolhZT8BwA8HqRLt8yo_aem_AV1ljSvSxZXxj7p-KnOm8GxiXdoO7uua1MxdRF7fH-gtj2JyOuAFF8PYmBbXjdXH2hm4JURleilzpTdoa5P4h-9p
How Supermassive Black holes grow. https://www.facebook.com/share/p/RRuQMcDLxPwmrsMG/
Spacetime defects uncouple gravity from mass in dark matter alternative (newatlas.com) Negative mass????
Plasma tornadoes in accreting wormholes https://www.facebook.com/share/abuj9QBpJ1uUEd8B/
What "naked" singularities are revealing about quantum space-time | New Scientist
Hubble and SOFIA Probe the Secrets of HM Sagittae (msn.com)
Mysterious radio signals coming from galaxies like our own, study says (msn.com)
Evidence For a Major Kilonova Event Near Earth (3.5 Million Years Ago) | Watch (msn.com)
Milky Way's most massive stellar black hole discovered! | Watch (msn.com)
Milky Way's black hole may be spinning 'football-shaped' spacetime warp | Watch (msn.com)
How quantum entanglement really works and why we accept its weirdness | New Scientist
📡 These observations reveal unexpected dark matter behavior (msn.com)
The Milky Way's last major act of galactic cannibalism was surprisingly recent | Space
Radio signal from space repeats every hour, defying explanation (newatlas.com)
Scientists find strange spinning star going shockingly slowly (msn.com)
Nasa finds the most distant galaxy in the known universe (msn.com)
The secrets of supernovas might be locked in moon dust (msn.com)
Carbon detected in galaxy observed 350m years after big bang (msn.com)
Elusive medium-size black holes may form in dense 'birthing nests' (msn.com)
Massive, magnetic stars beyond the Milky Way detected for the 1st time (msn.com)
Dark matter mystery closer to being solved thanks to new Euclid telescope images (msn.com) There could not be enough Brown Dwarfs to account for more than a tiny fraction of the so-called Dark Matter. And if they are ubiquitous, how come our Solar System doesn't have any? At least none out to about a distance of 100 AU.
Euclid Reveals a Universe of Orphan Stars (msn.com)
Mystery of universe which has baffled scientists for 100 years on brink of being solved (msn.com)
James Webb captures first direct images of galaxies born at Cosmic Dawn (newatlas.com)
Amateur astronomer finds 5 fascinating new galaxies — and they're now named after him | Space
Astronomers Discover Stars from the Universe's Beginning at the Edge of the Milky Way (msn.com)
'Orphan' stars among mind-bending finds by Europe's new space telescope (msn.com)
Right again, Einstein! Scientists find where matter 'waterfalls' into black holes (msn.com)
Churning spacetime and destroyed stars help reveal how fast supermassive black holes spin (msn.com)
AI finds hidden galactic evolution clues in over 100 galaxies. Here's how. | Space
Explosive Mysteries Of The 'Dragon's Egg' Nebula Revealed | Watch (msn.com)
James Webb Space Telescope sees Orion Nebula in a stunning new light (images) (msn.com)
Astronomers find long-missing dwarf galaxies—too many of them | Science | AAAS
Black holes might be dark stars with layers: New solution found | Watch (msn.com)
In the Milky Way, 3 intruder stars are 'on the run' — in the wrong direction | Space
Webb telescope uncovers merger of two massive black holes from early universe (msn.com)
Axions: The wonder particles that could solve more than just dark matter | New Scientist
The quantum world: A concise guide to the particles that make reality | New Scientist
Kilonova Size Explosions Are Popping Off in Empty Space | Watch (msn.com)
COSMOLOGY:'We're trying to find the shape of space': scientists wonder if the universe is like a doughnut (msn.com)Massive 'El Gordo' galaxy cluster suggests dark matter smashes into itself (msn.com)Unifying Quantum Mechanics and Gravity (msn.com)
Two Big Bangs, One Universe! A New Study Challenging the Cosmological Standard Model! | Watch (msn.com) Experimental Evidence of a Phenomenon That May End The Universe - False Vacuum Decay | Watch (msn.com) It's good to see Hamiltonians appearing even in quantum gravity theory. Quantum Gravity and Universe's Entropy: A Revealing Connection (msn.com) (I must admit that I found parts of this a little difficult)📡 Quantum gravity: finally a testable approach explaining this great mystery of our universe (msn.com) Roger Penrose interview: "Consciousness must be beyond computable physics." | New Scientist EARTH & MOONAn encounter with 'something outside of the solar system' may have triggered an ice age on Earth | Live Science Earth broke heat records 12 months straight (msn.com)Japan's Astroscale Aiming to Clean-up Space Junk | Watch (msn.com) 'Climate hell' exit needed as world braced for year-long breach of 1.5C by 2028 (msn.com)Did an asteroid wipe out the dinosaurs? Computer says no (msn.com) Chinese probe begins journey home with samples from far side of the Moon | Watch (msn.com) New study finds Earth warming at record rate, but no evidence of climate change accelerating (msn.com)Chinese spacecraft lands on far side of the Moon in growing rivalry with US (msn.com)Sunset, and sunrise, phenomena to observe. https://www.facebook.com/share/p/RYrQoF6anob8tbib/Something strange is happening with Earth's magnetic field tail (msn.com)Dangerous space weather early warning satellite to be built in UK (msn.com) ECLIPSE PLANNINGThe Spanish city on the brink of 'becoming a desert' as temperatures soar to 30C already (msn.com) Bear this in mind when planning for somewhere to observe the next Total Solar Eclipse in August 2026. Heat in central Spain could be extremely uncomfortable, perhaps dangerous, in August. As the eclipse will be in the afternoon, the heat will probably have built up to a maximum just as the eclipse starts, and it doesn't cool significantly until totality is about to start. EXOLIFE:Seven depressing – and terrifying – reasons aliens haven't made contact (msn.com)
Perseverance rover's Mars rock sample may contain best evidence of possible ancient life (msn.com) Scientists spot 60 stars appearing to show signs of alien power plants (msn.com)
EXOPLANETSUnusual 'Phoenix' Exoplanet Challenges Our Current Understanding of Planetary Evolution | Watch (msn.com) Scientists find a surprise ingredient in exoplanet cake mix — sulfur dioxide | Space 'Cataclysmic' collision of giant asteroids is discovered by NASA (msn.com) NASA exoplanet hunter finds 'weird' world surviving a star's relentless bombardment — it's named Phoenix | Space Exoplanet parade: amazing graphic! https://www.facebook.com/share/spyUjeFPVGEwxwF1/ 'Potentially habitable planet' discovered 40 light-years away in major breakthrough (msn.com) NASA detects Earth-size planet just 40 light-years away that's 'not a bad place' to hunt for life | Live ScienceHuge space breakthrough as new Earth-sized planet discovered that can sustain human life (msn.com)Spectacular Secrets Of 'Planet-Forming Discs' Uncovered By Astronomers | Watch (msn.com)Young 'cotton candy' exoplanet the size of Jupiter may be shrinking into a super-Earth (msn.com) Astronomers discover potentially habitable planet (msn.com)Stars give tiny planets a gravitational 'squeeze' to strip away their atmospheres (msn.com)Scientists discover strange planet that's 'melting from within' (msn.com) Belgian astronomers discover Earth-like planet near ultracool dwarf star (msn.com)Belgian scientists unveil 'cotton candy' exoplanet defying explanation (msn.com)
IMAGES10 'breathtaking' photos of our galaxy from the 2024 Milky Way Photographer of the Year contest (msn.com)Absolutely amazing image of Io by the LBT. https://news.berkeley.edu/2024/05/30/with-new-sharper-optics-arizona-telescope-captures-rare-images-of-jupiters-moon-io/?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR0RbncL3Hok2IcukwujTsmIia1lZExYQnJ053iN-fPuRGg1uFRgZxWg8ys_aem_AdrrEOMGGmg2BHXnohGc4sO0PvL7f8s5jG26IH8QZzK_vvWz-pJcL4CfUqKP9j0B6lwhEl9Kfhhl1iQ0WFpMNQkr Huge new images of space revealed to help scientists understand universe (msn.com)
See the Universe like NEVER before in images from Euclid spacecraft (msn.com) A horse-shaped nebula gets its close-up in new photos by NASA's Webb telescope (msn.com)James Webb Space Telescope Sees Remains Of Ancient Cosmic Clash | Watch (msn.com) amazing videoMind-bending images of stars and galaxies captured by new telescope (msn.com) SOLAR SYSTEM The 1st 'major lunar standstill' in more than 18 years is about to occur. Here's how to see it. | Live Science'We thought it was impossible:' Water frost on Mars discovered near Red Planet's equator | Space New 'Sugar World' Discovered in Kuiper Belt - NewsweekAre 'Flat-Earthers' Right? New Research Suggests the Theory Might Not Be That Far Out (msn.com)NASA spots movement beneath the icy crust of Europa (msn.com)How Venus lost its water https://www.facebook.com/share/95e5VT1Ly9ecxKqG/Mars in 4K: Curiosity Rover's Breathtaking New Release! | Watch (msn.com)'God of Destruction' asteroid Apophis will come to Earth in 2029 — it could meet some tiny satellites | Space Lost photos suggest Mars' mysterious moon Phobos may be a trapped comet in disguise | Live Science Spacecraft looking for life on Mars beams back jaw-dropping crater images of planet (msn.com) NASA's Juno probe captures fascinating high-resolution images of Jupiter's icy moon Europa (msn.com)Perseverance rover's Mars rock sample may contain best evidence of possible ancient life (msn.com)Japanese-European spacecraft bound for Mercury weakened by thruster glitch | Space NASA's Mars sample return mission is in trouble. Could a single SLS megarocket be the answer? (msn.com)NASA's Juno probe captures fascinating high-resolution images of Jupiter's icy moon Europa | Space
SPACEAstronauts face health risks—even on short trips in space | Science | AAAS 'No emergency situation' on International Space Station, NASA says after astronaut medical drill audio causes stir | SpaceBoeing's 1st Starliner astronaut mission extended through June 18 | Space What happens to astronauts during space station reboosts? Crew demonstrates | Watch (msn.com)SpaceX's Giant Rocket Survives Dive to Earth | Watch (msn.com) Starship Flight 4 aces mission with double splashdown (newatlas.com) Thruster glitches and helium leaks can't stop Boeing's Starliner astronaut test flight — but why are they happening? (msn.com) SpaceX's massive Starship rocket records first successful test flight (msn.com) Japan's Astroscale Aiming to Clean-up Space Junk | Watch (msn.com) SpaceX's mega rocket makes its fourth test flight from Texas (msn.com) LIFTOFF! Boeing Starliner carries 2 astronauts to space in 'final test' for NASA (watch live) | Live Science Europe's only vertical launch spaceport opens for business https://www.linkedin.com/posts/activity-7202922938612731904-h3YS?utm_source=combined_share_message&utm_medium=member_desktop
Space debris could be dealt with more cheaply than previously thought, new NASA report suggests (msn.com)
How can space travel lead to medical breakthroughs? Veteran astronaut explains | Space
NASA's Mars sample return mission is in trouble. Could a single SLS megarocket be the answer? (msn.com)
SUN The Deepest We Have Ever Seen Into the Sun | SDO 4K | Watch (msn.com)
Dangerous space weather early warning satellite to be built in UK (msn.com)
Astronomers shed new light on puzzling origins of Sun's magnetic field (msn.com)
TELESCOPES, EQUIPMENT & TECHNIQUES
Problems with XRISM https://www.space.com/xrism-jammed-gate-door-jaxa?utm_campaign=socialflow&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_content=space.com&utm_medium=social&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR3sUeFyiaw-t2tGi7wrnTcZSc2UEBSrEybMFUWYUxP0YFlvPqmSbGASKh8_aem_ZmFrZWR1bW15MTZieXRlcw The Hubble Space Telescope is old. Here's NASA's new plan to keep it alive through 2035 (msn.com)
HST – details, history, milestones Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, facts & history | Space Mind-bending images of stars and galaxies captured by new telescope (msn.com)https://www.ukri.org/news/uk-team-to-start-work-on-worlds-largest-telescope/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery FINAL WORD:
"The treasures hidden in the heavens are so rich that the human mind shall never be lacking in fresh nourishment." - Johannes Kepler
15. JOINING the IRISH ASTRONOMICAL ASSOCIATION. This link gives options to join the IAA.
https://irishastro.org/join-the-iaa/ If you are a UK taxpayer, please select the 'gift-aid' box, as that enables us to reclaim the standard rate of tax on your subscription, at no cost to you. You can also make a donation via Paypal if you wish: just click on the 'Donate' button. See also http://www.irishastro.org/https://irishastro.org/
The Irish Astronomical Association is registered with The Charity Commission for Northern Ireland NIC 105858
DISCLAIMER: Any views expressed herein are mine, and do not necessarily represent those of the IAA.
Clear skies,
Terry Moseley
